#Minangkabau Culture #
Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest number of islands in the world, where of the tens of thousands of islands in Indonesia there are 5 main islands namely Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and Papua. Of these five islands, Sumatra is one of the largest and is divided into several provinces.
One of them is West Sumatra. West Sumatra is a province that has the capital city of Padang, there are many ethnic groups who inhabit the area. And the culture owned by the people there will be the spotlight of the writer.
Minangkabau culture is a term for the Minang people who are owned by the people of the Padang area and develops throughout the overseas region making this big culture in the archipelago very prominent and influential because it has an egalitarian, democratic, and synthetic nature, which is anti-thesis for other major cultures.
In contrast to most of the cultures that develop in the world that adhere to the patrilineal system, Minangkabau culture actually adheres to the matrilineal system both in terms of marriage, ethnicity, inheritance, customary titles and so on.
Historically, the Minangkabau culture originated in Luhak Nan Tigo, which then spread to the overseas regions on the west, east, north and south sides of Luhak Nan Tigo. The Minangkabau culture was originally characterized by animism and Hindu-Buddhist culture. Then since the arrival of Islamic reformers from the Middle East at the end of the 18th century the customs and culture of the Minangkabau that were not in accordance with Islamic law were abolished.
Because the Minangkabau customary principle is based on the Qur'anic law with three pillars that build and maintain the integrity of the culture known as the Tku Sigoangan Furnace. The three complement each other and work together in the same high position. And all community affairs are deliberated by the three elements in a consensus.
The Minangkabau language is a subsidiary of the Austronesian language family. Although there are differences of opinion regarding the relationship between the Minangkabau language and the Malay language, there are those who consider the language spoken by this community as part of the Malay dialect, due to the many similarities in vocabulary and form of speech in it, while others actually assume this language is an independent language that is different from Malay and there are also those who call the Minangkabau language as Proto-Malay.
Besides that, in the Minang language community itself there are already various kinds of dialects depending on their respective regions. The influence of other languages absorbed into the Minang language is generally from Sanskrit, Arabic, Tamil, and Persian. Then Sanskrit and Tamil vocabulary found on several inscriptions in Minangkabau have been written using various characters including Dewanagari, Pallawa, and Kawi. The strengthening of Islam which was widely accepted also encouraged its people to use the Alphabet Jawi in writing before switching to the Latin Alphabet.
Although it has its own language, the Minang people also use Malay and then Indonesian widely. The traditional historiography of the Minang people, Tambo Minangkabau, is written in Malay and is part of Malay literature or old Indonesian literature.
The Minangkabau tribe rejects the use of the Minangkabau language for teaching purposes in schools. The Malay language which is influenced both in grammar and vocabulary by Arabic has been used for teaching Islam. Speeches at religious schools also use Malay.
In the early 20th century the Malay school established by the Dutch East Indies government in the Minangkabau region taught a variety of Riau Malay languages, which were considered as standard languages and were also used in the Johor region, Malaysia. But in fact the language used by Dutch schools is a variety that is influenced by the Minangkabau language.
Minangkabau teachers and writers played an important role in fostering Malay language. Many Malay language teachers come from Minangkabau, and schools in Bukittinggi are one of the centers for the formation of formal Malay languages.
During the receipt of Balai Pustaka Malay, the Minangkabau people believed that they were the guardians of the purity of the language which later became Indonesian. Minangkabau people have a variety of attractions and arts, such as dances that are usually performed at traditional parties and marriages.
Among the dances, for example, the post-dance is a dance that is played intended as a greeting or an expression of respect to special guests who have just arrived, then the plate dance is a form of dance with fast movements from the dancers while holding a plate in the palm of each hand , which is accompanied by songs played by Talempong and Saluang.
Silek or Silat minangkabau is a traditional martial art that has been developed for a long time. Today Silek is not only taught in Minangkabau, but has also spread throughout the Malay Islands even to Europe and America. In addition, there are also dances that are mixed with silek called randai. Randai is usually accompanied by singing or also called sijobang, in this randai there are also acting (acting) based on the scenario.
In addition, Minangkabau also stands out in the art of speech. There are three genres of art of speech, namely pasambah (offerings), indang, and salawat dulang. The art of speaking or arguing, puts forward the word satire, figure of speech, like an allegory, metaphor, and aphorism. In the art of speech a person is taught to maintain respect and self-esteem, without using weapons and physical contact.
In the Minangkabau culture, marriage is one of the important events in the life cycle, and is a very significant transition in forming a small family of new descendants. For Minang men, marriage is also a process to enter a new environment, namely the family of his wife. While for the wife's family, it is one of the processes in adding members to their Rumah Gadang community.
In the Minangkabau traditional marriage procession, commonly called baralek, has several stages that are commonly carried out. Starting with maminang (propose), manjapuik marapulai (picking up the groom), to basandiang (biting at the aisle). After the maminang and the Manantuan Day agreement (determining the day of the wedding), then it was followed by an Islamic wedding which is usually done at the mosque, before the bride and groom match at the aisle. In certain nagari after the consent granted in front of the prince or lord, the bridegroom will be given a new title as a substitute for his first name.
Then the surrounding community will call him with the new title. The title of the call usually starts from Sutan, Bagindo or Sidi (Sayyidi) in the coastal area. Meanwhile in the Luhak Limopuluah area, this title award is not valid.
It can be said that the Padang people have other characteristics. His character is strong, thick with rules and great will. We can note that the spread of the padang is everywhere and their dishes are well known.
Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest number of islands in the world, where of the tens of thousands of islands in Indonesia there are 5 main islands namely Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and Papua. Of these five islands, Sumatra is one of the largest and is divided into several provinces.
One of them is West Sumatra. West Sumatra is a province that has the capital city of Padang, there are many ethnic groups who inhabit the area. And the culture owned by the people there will be the spotlight of the writer.
Minangkabau culture is a term for the Minang people who are owned by the people of the Padang area and develops throughout the overseas region making this big culture in the archipelago very prominent and influential because it has an egalitarian, democratic, and synthetic nature, which is anti-thesis for other major cultures.
In contrast to most of the cultures that develop in the world that adhere to the patrilineal system, Minangkabau culture actually adheres to the matrilineal system both in terms of marriage, ethnicity, inheritance, customary titles and so on.
Historically, the Minangkabau culture originated in Luhak Nan Tigo, which then spread to the overseas regions on the west, east, north and south sides of Luhak Nan Tigo. The Minangkabau culture was originally characterized by animism and Hindu-Buddhist culture. Then since the arrival of Islamic reformers from the Middle East at the end of the 18th century the customs and culture of the Minangkabau that were not in accordance with Islamic law were abolished.
Because the Minangkabau customary principle is based on the Qur'anic law with three pillars that build and maintain the integrity of the culture known as the Tku Sigoangan Furnace. The three complement each other and work together in the same high position. And all community affairs are deliberated by the three elements in a consensus.
The Minangkabau language is a subsidiary of the Austronesian language family. Although there are differences of opinion regarding the relationship between the Minangkabau language and the Malay language, there are those who consider the language spoken by this community as part of the Malay dialect, due to the many similarities in vocabulary and form of speech in it, while others actually assume this language is an independent language that is different from Malay and there are also those who call the Minangkabau language as Proto-Malay.
Besides that, in the Minang language community itself there are already various kinds of dialects depending on their respective regions. The influence of other languages absorbed into the Minang language is generally from Sanskrit, Arabic, Tamil, and Persian. Then Sanskrit and Tamil vocabulary found on several inscriptions in Minangkabau have been written using various characters including Dewanagari, Pallawa, and Kawi. The strengthening of Islam which was widely accepted also encouraged its people to use the Alphabet Jawi in writing before switching to the Latin Alphabet.
Although it has its own language, the Minang people also use Malay and then Indonesian widely. The traditional historiography of the Minang people, Tambo Minangkabau, is written in Malay and is part of Malay literature or old Indonesian literature.
The Minangkabau tribe rejects the use of the Minangkabau language for teaching purposes in schools. The Malay language which is influenced both in grammar and vocabulary by Arabic has been used for teaching Islam. Speeches at religious schools also use Malay.
In the early 20th century the Malay school established by the Dutch East Indies government in the Minangkabau region taught a variety of Riau Malay languages, which were considered as standard languages and were also used in the Johor region, Malaysia. But in fact the language used by Dutch schools is a variety that is influenced by the Minangkabau language.
Minangkabau teachers and writers played an important role in fostering Malay language. Many Malay language teachers come from Minangkabau, and schools in Bukittinggi are one of the centers for the formation of formal Malay languages.
During the receipt of Balai Pustaka Malay, the Minangkabau people believed that they were the guardians of the purity of the language which later became Indonesian. Minangkabau people have a variety of attractions and arts, such as dances that are usually performed at traditional parties and marriages.
Among the dances, for example, the post-dance is a dance that is played intended as a greeting or an expression of respect to special guests who have just arrived, then the plate dance is a form of dance with fast movements from the dancers while holding a plate in the palm of each hand , which is accompanied by songs played by Talempong and Saluang.
Silek or Silat minangkabau is a traditional martial art that has been developed for a long time. Today Silek is not only taught in Minangkabau, but has also spread throughout the Malay Islands even to Europe and America. In addition, there are also dances that are mixed with silek called randai. Randai is usually accompanied by singing or also called sijobang, in this randai there are also acting (acting) based on the scenario.
In addition, Minangkabau also stands out in the art of speech. There are three genres of art of speech, namely pasambah (offerings), indang, and salawat dulang. The art of speaking or arguing, puts forward the word satire, figure of speech, like an allegory, metaphor, and aphorism. In the art of speech a person is taught to maintain respect and self-esteem, without using weapons and physical contact.
In the Minangkabau culture, marriage is one of the important events in the life cycle, and is a very significant transition in forming a small family of new descendants. For Minang men, marriage is also a process to enter a new environment, namely the family of his wife. While for the wife's family, it is one of the processes in adding members to their Rumah Gadang community.
In the Minangkabau traditional marriage procession, commonly called baralek, has several stages that are commonly carried out. Starting with maminang (propose), manjapuik marapulai (picking up the groom), to basandiang (biting at the aisle). After the maminang and the Manantuan Day agreement (determining the day of the wedding), then it was followed by an Islamic wedding which is usually done at the mosque, before the bride and groom match at the aisle. In certain nagari after the consent granted in front of the prince or lord, the bridegroom will be given a new title as a substitute for his first name.
Then the surrounding community will call him with the new title. The title of the call usually starts from Sutan, Bagindo or Sidi (Sayyidi) in the coastal area. Meanwhile in the Luhak Limopuluah area, this title award is not valid.
It can be said that the Padang people have other characteristics. His character is strong, thick with rules and great will. We can note that the spread of the padang is everywhere and their dishes are well known.
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